Fitacciya Special Report: Yadda Ake Ceto Mutum Daga Shaye-Shaye a Najeriya.
Shaye-shaye yana daga cikin manyan matsalolin da ke barazana ga rayuwa, lafiya, da zamantakewa a Najeriya. Bincike ya nuna cewa kusan kashi 10–15% na matasa a kasar suna amfani da wasu nau’ikan miyagun ƙwayoyi ko barasa, inda hakan ke haifar da matsaloli masu yawa a lafiya, ilimi, aiki, da zamantakewar iyali.
Rahoton nan na Fitacciya ya gudanar da bincike mai zurfi domin fahimtar hanyoyi masu tasiri na ceton mutum daga shaye-shaye, rawar da iyali da al’umma ke takawa, da shawarwarin kwararru don magance matsalar a Najeriya.
1. Fahimtar Shaye-shaye a Najeriya
Shaye-shaye ya ƙunshi nau’uka daban-daban, wadanda suka haɗa da:
- Barasa: Matasa da yawa suna fara shan barasa daga shekaru 15–20. Rashin kulawa daga iyaye, sha’awar gwaji, ko yanayin abokai na iya jawo farawa.
- Miyagun ƙwayoyi: Marijuana, codeine syrup, tramadol, opioids da wasu sinadarai masu ƙara sha’awa sun yi ta’azzara a cikin birane da karkara.
- Dalilan farawa: Rashin aiki, damuwa, matsin lamba daga abokai, ko yanayin gida mara kyau.
2. Tasirin Shaye-shaye
Shaye-shaye na kawo illoli masu yawa ga mutum da al’umma:
- Lafiya: Lalacewar hanta, zuciya, da kwakwalwa; yawaitar kamuwa da cututtuka kamar HIV da hepatitis.
- Zamantakewa: Rashin ilimi, rashin aiki, tashin hankali a gida, yawaitar laifuka.
- Tattalin arziki: Iyali da kansu kan shiga cikin bashi, rasa albashi, da lalacewar sana’a.
Alkaluma daga NDLEA sun nuna cewa kashi 30% na masu amfani da tramadol da codeine a shekarun 18–35 suna fuskantar matsaloli a aiki ko makaranta saboda shaye-shaye.
Danna nan don ganin screenshot na nazari
3. Tantance Matsalar (Assessment)
Kafin a fara magani, dole ne a tantance nau’in shaye-shaye, yawan amfani, matsalolin lafiya, da yanayin zamantakewa da iyali.
Case Study: Aliyu, Kano
Aliyu, matashi mai shekaru 24, ya fara shan codeine a matsayin magani. Bayan shekaru biyu, ya zama halayya. Tantancewa da kwararru sun nuna yana bukatar detox na likita da shirin halayya.
Case Study: Hauwa, Kaduna
Hauwa, matashiya mai shekaru 22, ta fara shan marijuana saboda abokai. Ta fara fama da rashin bacci da rashin aiki. Bayan shiga shirin psychotherapy da detox, tana samun ci gaba mai kyau.
4. Shirye-Shiryen Tsaro da Shirin Farko
Masana sun jaddada cewa ba a bar mutum ya daina shaye-shaye kwatsam a gida ba, musamman masu amfani da giya da benzodiazepines. Ana bukatar:
- Kai mutum zuwa asibiti ko cibiyar gyara
- Tantance haɗarin janyewa
- Sanya likita da ƙwararru su sa ido sosai
5. Detox na Likita
Detox shine mataki na cire sinadaran maye daga jiki. Ana yin sa a karkashin kulawar likita, tare da amfani da magunguna don rage sha’awa da alamun janyewa. Ana sa ido kan alamun gaggawa kamar tashin zuciya, amai, rashin bacci, da bugun zuciya.
Case Study: Umar, Lagos
Umar, mai shekaru 30, ya yi detox na kwanaki 10 a cibiyar gyara, inda aka ba shi magunguna don rage sha’awa da alamun janyewa. Ya samu tallafi na halayya kuma yanzu yana cikin shirin aftercare.
6. Magunguna na Dogon Lokaci (Pharmacotherapy)
Ga masu dogaro da opioids ko barasa, ana amfani da:
- Methadone ko Buprenorphine don opioids
- Naltrexone, Acamprosate, Disulfiram don barasa
Wannan ya kamata ya kasance tare da shirin halayyar mutum da psychosocial support.
Danna nan don ganin screenshot na Pharmacotherapy
7. Maganin Halayya da Tunani (Psychotherapy)
Psychotherapy tana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen taimakawa masu shaye-shaye su kauce wa dabi’un da suka jawo matsala:
- CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy): Koyar da dabarun guje wa yanayi da tunani masu jawo shaye-shaye.
- Motivational Interviewing: Ƙarfafa niyyar canji da samar da ƙwazo.
- Family Therapy: Koya wa iyali yadda za su tallafa ba tare da ƙarfafa dabi’un shaye-shaye ba.
Case Study: Fatima, Enugu
Fatima, 'yar shekara 21, ta fara shan tramadol a matsayin magani. Bayan shekara guda, tana fama da rashin bacci da rashin aiki. Ta shiga shirin CBT da Family Therapy. Bayan watanni 3, ta nuna canji mai kyau kuma tana samun tallafi daga iyalinta.
8. Kare Komawa (Relapse Prevention)
Relapse prevention yana nufin tsare mutum daga komawa shaye-shaye:
- Haɗa mutum cikin kungiyoyin tallafi kamar Narcotics Anonymous (NA) ko Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)
- Sake haɗa mutum da makaranta, aiki, ko sana’a
- Tsara tsarin kulawa bayan detox da psychotherapy
Case Study: Sani, Abuja
Sani, dan shekara 27, ya dawo daga shirin gyara mai tsawon watanni 6. Yana samun tallafi daga kungiyoyin NA kuma ya fara koyon sana’a domin ci gaba da rayuwa mai amfani.
9. Rawar Iyali da Al’umma
Iyali da al’umma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen:
- Samar da goyon baya mai ɗorewa
- Ilimantar da iyalai kan yadda za su taimaka
- Samar da wurare masu aminci da tallafi ga matasa
10. Rawar Addinai da Kungiyoyi
Addinai da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna bayar da shawarwari da tallafi, musamman wajen wayar da kai da taimako mai dorewa:
- Kiraye-kirayen zaman lafiya da gujewa shaye-shaye
- Tallafin halayya da shirin aftercare
- Samar da sana’o’i da horo ga matasa masu fita daga detox
11. Albarkatun Najeriya
- NDLEA: Layukan tuntuɓa, wayar da kan jama’a, da tallafi ga masu neman taimako.
- Cibiyoyin Gyara: Gwamnati da masu zaman kansu, da addinai.
- Asibitoci: Don detox da kulawar lafiya.
12. Hanyoyin Gaggawa
Idan mutum yana fuskantar hatsari, nemi taimako nan take:
- Rashin numfashi
- Tashin hankali mai tsanani
- Seizures ko hatsarin rayuwa
13. Shawarwarin Kwararru
- Fara da likita ko kwararre
- Kada a yi janyewa a gida idan akwai haɗari
- Haɗa iyali cikin shirin tallafi
- Samar da muhalli mai aminci da aftercare
14. Nazari Mai Zurfi da Alkaluma
Bincike ya nuna cewa rashin aiki, talauci, da matsin lamba daga abokai sune manyan dalilan fara shaye-shaye. Ga wasu alkaluma daga Najeriya:
- Kusan 45.7 % na ɗalibai na jami’a a South-West suna da alaƙa da shaye-shaye (PMC).
- Kusan 14.4 % na ‘yan Najeriya masu shekaru 15–64 suna amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi a ƙarƙashin wasu fannoni (NBS).
- Rahoton NDLEA ya ce kimanin mutane miliyan 14.3 na Najeriya suna da alaƙa da shaye-shaye (Punch).
Danna nan don ganin screenshot na alkaluma
15. Kammalawa
Ceto mutum daga shaye-shaye yana bukatar tsari mai zurfi: Tantancewa, Tsaro da Detox na Likita, Magunguna na Dogon Lokaci, Psychotherapy, Relapse Prevention, Tallafin Iyali da Al’umma, da Rawar Addinai da Kungiyoyi. Haɗin gwiwar gwamnati, iyali, al’umma, da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu shi ne mabuɗin nasarar dawowa daga shaye-shaye.
#nacce
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