A cikin shekaru goma zuwa goma sha biyar da suka gabata, yanayin kasuwanci a arewacin Najeriya ya shiga wani sabon salo na canji wanda fasahar zamani da ci gaban yanar gizo suka haifar. Wannan sauyi ya kasance mai zurfi, mai saurin tasiri, kuma mai sauya yadda ’yan kasuwa, kamfanoni, da masu sana’o’in gargajiya ke tafiyar da harkokinsu. Ci gaban da ake samu a fannin intanet, wayoyin salula masu fasaha, da kuma hanyoyin biyan kudi na zamani ya zama tamkar wani sabon babi ne da ya sake fasalin tattalin arziki a wannan yanki. Wannan bayani zai zurfafa kan yadda wannan cigaba ya shafi dukkan ɓangarori na kasuwanci daga kananan sana’o’i zuwa manyan kungiyoyin kasuwanci, da kuma rawar da al’adu, siyasa, tsaro, da ilimi ke takawa wajen bunkasar cigaban dijital a yankin.
Da farko, ya kamata a fahimci cewa yanar gizo a yanzu ba kawai wata tsohuwar hanyar surfing ba ce, kamar yadda aka sani a baya. A yau ita ce ginshikin yawancin harkokin kasuwanci, musamman a yankunan da suka fara fahimtar mahimmancin amfani da bayanai da saurin yin hulɗa da abokan ciniki. A arewacin Najeriya, wannan cigaba ya samu tagomashi ne saboda yawaitar amfani da wayoyi masu buri, farashin data da ya fara sassauka, da kuma sauƙin fara kasuwanci ta intanet ba tare da samun babban jari ba. Saboda haka, matasa da mutane masu ƙaramin karfi suka fara shiga harkar e-commerce, digital marketing, content creation, da sauran fannoni da suka shafi yanar gizo.
A fannin kananan kasuwanci kuwa, cigaban yanar gizo ya samar da wata dama mai ban mamaki ga masu sana’a. Misali, masu sana’ar gyaran kaya, masu sayar da abinci, masu ɗinki, masu kula da gashi, masu sana’ar zane-zane, da masu samar da kayan gida suna iya tallata kayayyakinsu ba tare da dogaro da kasuwa guda ɗaya ko gurin da suke ba. Social media kamar Facebook, Instagram, Tiktok, X, da WhatsApp sun ba su damar samun abokan kasuwa a cikin gida da wajen jihar da suke. Wannan ya ƙara musu ƙarfin gwiwa, ya rage musu farashin haya, kuma ya ba su damar yin gogayya da manyan masu kasuwa. Haka kuma, samun damar yin hira kai tsaye da mai saye ya ƙara inganta amana da yawan hulɗa, wanda hakan ya bunkasa ribar masu sana’a da yawa.
A bangaren manyan kamfanoni kuma, ci gaban dijital ya zama wani babbar dabara da suke amfani da ita wajen inganta ayyukansu. Kamfanonin sadarwa, masu biyan kudi ta waya, bankuna, gidajen ciniki, da manyan shagunan kayan zamani sun cika amfani da yanar gizo wajen tsarawa, rarrabawa, da tallata kayayyaki. Misali, bankuna suna amfani da mobile banking wajen sauƙaƙe wa mutane aikace-aikacen kuɗi, wanda ya rage dogaro da rasit ko tafiya zuwa reshen banki. Wannan cigaba ya rage cunkoso, ya ƙara tsaro, ya inganta sahihancin bayanai, da kuma saurin gudanar da aiki. Bugu da ƙari, tsarin biyan kuɗi ta POS ya shahara a tsakanin ’yan kasuwa masu matsakaicin girma, wanda ya sa abokan ciniki ba sa dogaro da kuɗin tsabar hannu kawai.
Wasu kamfanonin da ke aikin rarraba kayayyaki sun fara amfani da yanar gizo wajen mayar da odar abokan ciniki ta hanya mafi sauƙi. Wannan ya shafi kamfanonin kayan masarufi, magunguna, kayan gini, da kayan aikin noma. Masu bukata na iya yin oda ta WhatsApp, ta website, ko ta manhajar da aka kera domin wannan aiki. Wannan cigaba ya sa kasuwanci ya fi rarrafe cikin sauri, ya rage tsaiko, kuma ya ba kamfanoni damar tantance irin bukatun da ake da su a kasuwa ta hanyar nazarin bayanai da suke samu daga manhajojinsu.
Idan aka koma fannin noma, wanda shi ne ginshikin tattalin arzikin arewacin Najeriya, cigaban yanar gizo ya kawo wani sabon salo na gudanar da harkokin noma. A yanzu, manoma na iya amfani da intanet wajen samun bayanai game da yanayin ƙasa, ingantattun iri, hanyoyin kare amfanin gona, da sabbin fasahohi da ake samu a fannin noma. Haka kuma, ana iya tallata kayan amfanin gona ta hanyar Facebook marketplace, WhatsApp groups, ko shafukan ciniki kamar Jumia da wasu sabbin platform da matasa suka kirkiro domin raba kayayyaki. Wannan ya rage mace-mace da ɓata lokaci da kan faru a lokacin da kayayyaki ke yawo daga hannu zuwa hannu kafin su isa ga mai saye.
A akwai kuma fannin sufuri da jigila, wanda cigaban yanar gizo ya sauya gaba ɗaya. A baya, mutane kan yi wahala wajen samun direbobi ko hanyoyin jigilar kaya. Amma a yanzu akwai sabbin manhajoji da ke taimaka wa masu jigila su samu abokan ciniki cikin gaggawa, kuma wannan yana bai wa matasa masu babura, keke napep, da manyan motocin haya damar samun sana'a cikin sauƙi. A wasu birane na Arewa, matasa sun fara samar da manhajojin gida domin inganta wannan fanni.
A bangaren ilimi kuma, cigaban dijital ya haifar da sabbin hanyoyin karantarwa da koyon sana’o’i. Yawancin matasa a arewacin Najeriya suna amfani da YouTube, online courses, webinars, da social media domin koyo da fadada basira. Wannan ya yi daidai da bukatar kasuwanci na zamani, wanda ke neman ma’aikata ko masu zaman kansu da ke da fahimtar digital marketing, UI/UX, coding, data analysis, da sauran aikace-aikacen zamani. Saboda haka, ƙwarewar matasa ta ƙaru sosai, kuma hakan ya inganta damar kasuwanci ya bunƙasa.
Sai dai kuma ci gaban yanar gizo ba tare da kalubale ba yake. Akwai matsalolin tsaro na bayanai (cybersecurity), yawaitar yaudara, karancin layin intanet a karkara, tsada ko rashin gyaran kayan sadarwa, da kuma matsalolin wutar lantarki da ke hana gudanar da kasuwanci cikin inganci. Wadannan kalubale suna ci gaba da zama barazana ga ci gaban dijital, musamman a yankunan da ba su da ingantaccen tsari. Haka nan, akwai kalubalen rashin fahimta daga wasu mutane da ke adawa da amfani da yanar gizo saboda tsoron illar da kafofin sada zumunta ke haifarwa.
Sai dai duk da wadannan matsaloli, Arewa na ci gaba da ɗaukar nauyin wannan cigaba saboda amfaninsa ya fi matsalolinsa nesa. Matasa da ’yan kasuwa na ci gaba da kafa sababbin shafukan tallace-tallace, apps, blogs, da websites da ke taimaka wa kasuwanci ya bunkasa. Haka kuma, ana samun karin ayyukan yi a bangaren digital freelancing, wanda ke ba matasa damar aiki da kamfanoni daga kasashe daban-daban ba tare da barin gidajensu ba. Wannan sauyi ya kawo sabon juyi a tattalin arziki, ya rage zaman banza, ya kara ilimi, da kuma samar da sababbin hanyoyin samun kudin shiga.
Bugu da ƙari, an fara ganin sauyi a cikin tsarin ciniki da hulɗar al’umma. Mutane sun fara dogaro da technology wajen daukan hoton kaya, gabatar da farashi, da kuma tantance ingancin kayayyaki. Wannan ya fi tabbatar da gaskiya a kasuwanci, ya rage rashin jituwa, ya kuma ƙara inganta dabarun gudanar da sana’a. Haka kuma, ci gaban da ake samu a fannin artificial intelligence, chatbots, da automation ya fara bayyana a wasu sassa na Arewa, inda kamfanoni ke amfani da su domin inganta aikin abokin ciniki.
A sakamakon duka wadannan cigaba, za a iya cewa yanar gizo na taka rawar gani wajen zame wa Arewa cibiyar kasuwanci ta zamani. Idan gwamnati ta ƙara zuba jari a fannin sadarwa, makamashi, tsaro, da ilimi, Arewa za ta kara bunkasa, kuma za ta iya zama daya daga cikin manyan yankuna masu amfani da fasahar zamani wajen gudanar da harkokin kasuwanci a Afrika.
A ƙarshe, cigaban yanar gizo ya shafi kusan duk bangarorin rayuwa, kuma ya zama wani muhimmin abin dogaro a kasuwanci, ilimi, nishadi, lafiya, noma, sufuri, da harkokin yau da kullum. Wannan cigaba ya ba Arewa damar yin gogayya da sauran yankuna na kasar, ya sake fasalin sana’o’i, ya bude hanyoyi ga sabbin ayyuka, ya kara samar da sabbin dabarun kasuwanci, da kuma inganta damar samun kudaden shiga. Saboda haka, ya zama wajibi ga ’yan kasuwa da matasa su ci gaba da rungumar wannan cigaba tare da koyon dabarun da ke fitowa da shi, domin tabbatar da cewa suna ci gaba da kasancewa cikin gasa da kuma amfana da duk wata dama da wannan zamani ya kawo.
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